Probleme de commandes shell [Résolu]

Salut
sous bash, la construction
$(toto p1 p2)
correspond à l'output de l'exécutable ou commande toto avec les paramètres p1 et p2
${ma_variable} est un équivalent de $ma_variable

johand@horus:~/tmp$ echo $(ls)
bidon.lyx episode1.mp3 epreuve_integree-grand01.lyx fond-apt.jpg fond-config-base.jpg fond-etude-cas.jpg fond-existant.jpg fond-installation.jpg fond-plus-loin.jpg fond-pouce.jpg fond-pres-debian.jpg fond-src-info.jpg josee log.sxw p3130021.jpg
johand@horus:~/tmp$ ls='zut'
johand@horus:~/tmp$ echo ${ls}
zut

Un makefile est un makefile, pas un script shell !

Tu verras l'intérêt des guillemets le jour où tu écriras ceci

johand@horus:~/tmp$ touch truc
johand@horus:~/tmp$ MYVAR="xyz rm truc"
johand@horus:~/tmp$ ls truc
truc
johand@horus:~/tmp$ MYVAR=xyz rm truc
johand@horus:~/tmp$ ls truc
ls: truc: No such file or directory
Encore plus amusant avec 
echo "/ fR- mr"|rev 
 (surtout en root ;DDD

deja, merci bcp pour l'info.
pour plus d'explications, j'ai un tas de makefiles de compilation a executer il sont tous dans le genre:
SHELL = /bin/sh

top_srcdir = ..

SERVER_NAME = server
CLIENT_NAME = client

TARGETS = $SERVER_NAME\
$CLIENT_NAME

include $top_srcdir/config/Make.rules

COMMON_OBJS = NamingExample.o

SERVER_OBJS = Server.o\
NamingExample_skel.o

CLIENT_OBJS = Client.o

SRCS = $(COMMON_OBJS:.o=.cpp) \
$(SERVER_OBJS:.o=.cpp) \
$(CLIENT_OBJS:.o=.cpp)

ALL_CXXFLAGS = $CXXFLAGS
ALL_CPPFLAGS = "-I. -I$top_srcdir/include $OB_CPPFLAGS $CPPFLAGS"
ALL_LDFLAGS = "-L$top_srcdir/lib $OB_LDFLAGS $LDFLAGS"
ALL_LIBS = "-lCosNaming $OB_LIBS $LIBS"

$(SERVER_NAME): $(COMMON_OBJS) $(SERVER_OBJS)
rm -f $@
$(CXX) $(ALL_CXXFLAGS) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) -o $@ \
$(COMMON_OBJS) $(SERVER_OBJS) $(ALL_LIBS)

$(CLIENT_NAME): $(COMMON_OBJS) $(CLIENT_OBJS)
rm -f $@
$(CXX) $(ALL_CXXFLAGS) $(ALL_LDFLAGS) -o $@ \
$(COMMON_OBJS) $(CLIENT_OBJS) $(ALL_LIBS)

NamingExample.cpp NamingExample.h: NamingExample.idl
rm -f NamingExample.cpp NamingExample.h
rm -f NamingExample_skel.cpp NamingExample_skel.h
$(IDL) --no-type-codes NamingExample.idl

NamingExample_skel.cpp NamingExample_skel.h: NamingExample.cpp

include .depend

en executant par exemple celui la,
[trancely@localhost demo]$ ./Makefile

je me retrouve avec les erreurs suivantes:

./Makefile: line 11: SHELL: command not found
./Makefile: line 15: top_srcdir: command not found
./Makefile: line 17: SERVER_NAME: command not found
./Makefile: line 18: CLIENT_NAME: command not found
./Makefile: line 20: TARGETS: command not found
./Makefile: line 24: include: command not found
./Makefile: line 26: COMMON_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 28: SERVER_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 31: CLIENT_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: COMMON_OBJS:.o=.cpp: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: SERVER_OBJS:.o=.cpp: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: CLIENT_OBJS:.o=.cpp: command not found
./Makefile: line 33: SRCS: command not found
./Makefile: line 37: ALL_CXXFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 38: ALL_CPPFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 39: ALL_LDFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 40: ALL_LIBS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: SERVER_NAME: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: COMMON_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: SERVER_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: CXX: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: ALL_CXXFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: ALL_LDFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: COMMON_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: SERVER_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: ALL_LIBS: command not found
./Makefile: line 44: -o: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: CLIENT_NAME: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: COMMON_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: CLIENT_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: CXX: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: ALL_CXXFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: ALL_LDFLAGS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: COMMON_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: CLIENT_OBJS: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: ALL_LIBS: command not found
./Makefile: line 49: -o: command not found
./Makefile: line 52: NamingExample.cpp: command not found
./Makefile: line 1: IDL: command not found
./Makefile: line 55: --no-type-codes: command not found
./Makefile: line 57: NamingExample_skel.cpp: command not found
./Makefile: line 59: include: command not found

Makefile n'est pas un exécutable mais un ensemble de règles de construction et de dépendances
Normalement avec (GNU)make il suffit de lancer un simple

make

Lire la man page de make !!!
exemple

johand@horus:~/src/test$ ls
Makefile
johand@horus:~/src/test$ cat Makefile
all: upper

upper:montexte
        tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' <montexte > upper
montexte:
        echo "Hello world" > montexte
clean:
        rm montexte upper


johand@horus:~/src/test$ make
echo "Hello world" > montexte
tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' <montexte > upper
johand@horus:~/src/test$ make clean
rm montexte upper
johand@horus:~/src/test$ ls
Makefile

Tiens, ganesha se trouve ici...

... http://www.postgresql.org/

merci enormement pour ton aide.
mnt j'ai compri le principe!!! ;)